What is portfolio diversification?
Diversification is a key strategy for traders, much like it is for long-term investors. However, its benefits extend beyond just long-term investments, and can be just as important for short-term traders. By spreading your trades across multiple markets, you reduce the risk of one market move negatively impacting your entire portfolio. If one trade goes against you, other markets might perform better, potentially offsetting the loss.
Additionally, markets react differently to news and economic events. Some markets may view a particular event favorably, while others may interpret it negatively. Diversifying allows traders to capitalize on these varying responses, helping to create a more balanced approach to market movements.
Another advantage of diversification is that it gives you the opportunity to use your research to identify not just markets you want to be long in, but also markets you may want to avoid or short. This increases your flexibility in adapting to changing market conditions.
Traders have access to a wide range of markets or asset classes. These can be divided into four main groups:
Commodities: These include resources like crude oil, metals, and agricultural products like wheat.
Stock Markets: These encompass individual stocks and indices from global exchanges.
Treasuries: This is the government bond market, a traditional financial asset class.
Foreign Exchange (Forex): This involves trading currencies, such as the US Dollar or Euro.
Each of these markets reacts differently to economic and financial trends, and can be categorized into four groups based on their sensitivity to certain factors:
Interest-Sensitive Markets: These markets, such as financial stocks, utility stocks, and bonds, tend to perform better when interest rates are falling.
Defensive Markets: These assets, such as healthcare stocks, gold, and the US Dollar, are favored during times of risk aversion.
Economically Sensitive Markets: These include stocks of industrial and consumer discretionary companies, as well as commodities like crude oil and copper, which tend to follow the global economic cycle.
Commodity and Capital Spending-Sensitive Markets: These markets, such as technology stocks and resource currencies like the Australian Dollar, are typically affected later in the economic cycle.
Several factors influence market movements, including the economic cycle, political developments, financial risks, and interest rates. Each of these factors impacts different markets in different ways. For example, changes in GDP or employment figures may have varying effects depending on the asset class.